Refrigeration



Dec. 7, 1943.

l..` McNEl-:LY

REFRIGERATION Filea sept. 2o, 1941 erator chamber II.

Patented nee. 71943 Lowell li/Iclieelygf.Evansvilles Ind., asslgnor. to Servei, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application September 20, 194:1,l Serial No. 411,617

(Cl. (i2-1195) 5 Claims.

My invention relates to refrigeration and more particularly to cooling of heat rejecting parts of refrigeration apparatus. I

It is an object of the invention to provide a circuit for heat transfer fluid for transferring heat, for instance, from the absorber and condenser of absorption refrigeration apparatus to an ultimate cooling medium such as air, such circuit embodying known concepts but'beingimproved in that a constant quantity of cooling uid -is maintained in yheat exchange relation with the condenser, independent of operating conditions and substantially independent 'of charge, which improvement also ensures detection of leak in the circuit before increase in pressure due to lack of cooling of the condenser.

`The single gure of the drawing shows more or less diagrammatically a diffusion type absorp tion refrigeration system embodying the invention.

A generator Il! has a, horizontal portion divided into a chamber II and a chamber I2.- A flue I3 is located in the horizontal part of the generator for heating the liquid in chambers II and I2. A gas burner Id is arranged so` that its flame is projected into thelower end of nue i3. A standpipe I5 is connected at its lower end to chamber I2. A vapor lift conduit IS is arranged with its lower end projecting downward into chamber rII and its upper end connected to the upper part of standpipe I5. A conduit I1 connects the top of standpipe I5 to an analyzer i8. The top of an alyzer It is connected by a conduit I@ to one end of a conduit 2G. A part of conduit i9 is provided with fins 2i and vorrns a rectifier. The other end of condenser is connected by a, conduit 22 to the top of an evaporator 23. The upper end of evaporator 23 is connected by aconduit 2t, one passage of a gas heat exchanger 25, and a con-s duit 28 to the lower part o! an absorber 21. The upper part of absorber 21 is connected by a conduit 28, the other passage of gas heat exchanger 25, and a conduit 29 to the lower end of evapo rator 23.

The bottom oi absorber`21 is connected'blr a The above described system is charged/with a solution. of refrigerant in an absorption liquid, for instance, a, thirty percent solution of ammonia in water, and an auxiliary pressure equalizing fluid such as hydrogen gas.

In operation, heat from the burner Ill in ilue I3 causes expulsion of ammonia vapor from solution in generator chambers II and I2. The vapor expelled in chamber I2 rises through standpipe Iii-to the upper end of this pipe. Vapor expelled in chamber I I rises through lift conduit I6 raising with it liquid from vchamber Il into the upper end of standpipe I5.

The raising` of liquid through lift conduit I8 causes the surface level of liquid in standpipe I5 to rise to such a level that liquid flows through the remainder of the liquid circuit by gravity flow. Weakened absorption liquid flows from generator chamberv I2 through conduit 34, liquid heat exchanger 3I, and conduit 35 to the upper part of absorber 21. The liquid ows downward in ab` sorber 21, absorbing ammonia vapor out of the atmosphere in the absorber. Enriched absorpconduit 30, the outer passage of a. liquid heat exchanger 3l, and a conduit 32 to the analyzer I8.

A conduit 33 connects the analyzer Itto the gen- Generator chamber I2 is 3|, the other passage o! connected by a conduit liquid heat exchanger 3|, and `a. -conduit 25 to the vupper part o! absorber 21.

The condenser outlet conduit 22 is connected by a conduit 3| toa vessel 21 which is connected by a conduit Si to the absorber 21.

tion liquid flows from the bottom of absorber 2 through conduit 38, liquid heat exchanger 3|,

conduit 32, analyzer I8, and conduit 33 to the generator chamber II.

Ammonia, vapor from theupper end of stand pipe I5 ows through conduit -II and bubbles through liquid in analyzer I8. AThe vapor ows from analyzer is through conduit I9 to condens= er 2G. The vapor is condensed to liquid in condenser 26. The liquid condensate iiows from condenser 2li through conduit 22 intoevaporator 23.

The liquid flows downward.in.evaporator 23, evaporating and diffusing into hydrogen, the Vevaporation producing cooling, for instance, a refrigerator storage compartment in which evaporator 23 is adapted to be located. The resulting mixture of gas and vapor flows from the upper end o: evaporator 23 through conduit 24, gas a conduit 26 into absorber 21. Weak gas ilows from absorber 21 through conduit 28, gas heat exchanger 25. and a conduit 29 back tothe evaporator 22.

The absorber 21 39. The upper end of coil 33 is connected conduit IIB to intermediate part of vessel I is connected by a. conduit 42 to the lower end of absorber -coolby a.

ing coil 39. The top or vessel 4I is connected by a conduit Il to the upper end 'of an air cooled condenser Il. The .lower end a refrigerating eiect i'orV heat exchanger 25, and' A A a is provided with a cooling coil the upper part' of a vessel 4I. The

of condenser I is connected by a conduit 46 to the bottom of vessel 4| The lower end of condenser 44 is also connected by apart of conduit 45 and a conduit 46 to a cooling coil 41 .located in condenser 20. The other end of condenser cooling coil 41 is connected by a conduit 46 to the upper part of vessei 4|. 'I'he absorber and condenser cooling system as just described is evacuated and charged with a volatile heat transfer iluidsuch as, for instance, methyl chloride. 21 causes the methyl chloride to vaporize in coil 39. Heat from condenser 26 causes methyl chioride to vaporize in condenser cooling coil 41 Vapor from coil 39 flows through conduit 40 into vessel 4|. The vapor from coil 41 iiows through conduit 46 into vessel 4|. The vapor from vessel 4| ilows through conduit 43 to condenser 44. The liquid iiows from condenser 44 through conduits 4l and 46 into coi1`41 and vessel 4|. The liquidoverows from vessel 4| to conduit 42 into .coil 39. The upperend of conduit 42 is connected to vessel 4| so that this overilow, point is above th'condenser 26. The surfacelevel of liquid in thecondenser cooling coil 41 is substantially the same as the level of the overflow point determined by the connection of conduit 42 to vessel 4|. Thus, the surface level of liquid for cooling condenser 26 is substantially constant at this level of overow- Should a leak develop in the heat transfer or cooling circuit just described, the situation will become known by increase in temperature of evaporator 23 on account of increase in temperature of absorber 21, and beforethe pressure in the refrigeration system has risen due to failure of cooling of the condenser 24.

Various changes and modifications may be Heat from absorber.

2. In combination withrefrigeration apparatus having a plurality of heat rejecting parts at different elevations, a heat transfer circuit having a heat absorbing portion for cooling one of said heat rejectingparts at a lower elevation, a second heat absorbing portion for cooling one of said heat rejecting parts at a higher elevation, a heat disposal portion, said second heat absorbing portion being arranged to receive cooling iiuid from said heat disposal portion, and said first neat absorbing portion being arranged to receive cooling fluid from said heat disposal portion by overow from a level above said second portion.

3. A refrigeration system having a plurality of heat rejecting parts at different elevations, a vaporization-condensation heat transfer circuit made within the scope of the invention as set .forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:

l. In combination with an absorption refrigeration system having an absorber and a condenser at a level above said absorber, a heat transfer circuit containing heat transfer fluid and having a heat absorbing portion for cooling said absorber, a second heat absorbing portion for cooling said condenser, and a heat disposal portion, said second heat absorbing portion re-l ceiving cooling iluid from said heat disposal portion. and said ilrst heat absorbing portion receiving cooling fluid from said heat disposal portion by overiiow from a level above said second heat absorbing portion.

having a ilrstvaporization portion for cooling one of said heat rejecting parts at a lower elevation.. a second vaporization portion for cooling one of said heat rejecting parts at an upper elevation, and a condenser connected to receive va por from both said vaporization portions, said second vaporization portion receiving condensed cooling fluid from said condenser, and said rst vaporization portion receiving cooling iiuid from said condenser by overflow froml a level above that of said second vaporization portion.

4. An absorption refrigeration system having an absorber, a condenser at an elevation above said absorber, a vaporization-condensation heat transfercircuit having-a vaporization portion in heat exchange with said absorber, another vaporization portion in heat exchange relation with said condenser, and a condensation portion connected to receive vapor from both of said vaporization portions, flow of condensate from said condensation portion taking place directly by .gravity to the upper vaporization portion, and

to the lower of said vaporization portions by overflow from a level above that 'of the upper vaporization portion.

5..`A continuous type absorption refrigeration system having an absorber and a condenser acting concurrently as heat reiectors, a cooler for said absorber, another cooler for said condenser,

a supply of cooling liquid for said coolers, said' coolers being connected in parallel and arranged to so receive lliquid from said supply that said absorber cooler receives cooling liquid only' when said condenser cooler is. adequately supplied with cooling liquid.

LOWELL McNEELY. 

